The world population surged past eight billion people on Tuesday, the United Nations (UN) said, warning that more hardship is in store for regions already facing resource scarcity due to climate change.
Whether it is food or water, batteries or petrol, there will be less to go around as the global population adds another 2.4 billion people by the 2080s, according to UN projections.
“Every single person needs fuel, wood, water and a place to call home,” said Stephanie Feldstein, population and sustainability director with the Center for Biological Diversity.
Resource pressure will be especially daunting in African nations, where populations are expected to boom, experts say. These are also among the countries most vulnerable to climate impacts, and most in need of climate finance.
In sub-Saharan Africa, where some 738 million people already live without adequate food supplies, the population is projected to jump by 95 percent mid-century, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace.
The think-tank warned in an October report that much of sub-Saharan Africa will be unsustainable by mid-century.
Globally, the eight billion population milestone represents one billion people added to the planet in just the last 11 years.
Reaching eight billion people is “a sign of human success, but it’s also a great risk for our future”, said John Wilmoth, director of the UN’s population division.
Middle-income countries, mostly in Asia, accounted for most of that growth, gaining some 700 million people since 2011. India added about 180 million people, and is set to surpass China as the world’s most populous nation next year.
However, births have been steadily declining in the United States, Europe and Japan. China, too, has struggled with the legacy of its one-child policy programme, and last year urged families to have a second and even third child as it also limited access to non-medical abortions.
Even while the global population reaches ever-new highs, demographers note that the growth rate has fallen steadily to less than 1 per cent per year. This should keep the world from reaching nine billion people until 2037.
The UN projects population will peak at around 10.4 billion people in the 2080s and remain at that level until 2100.
“A big part of this story is that this era of rapid population growth that the world has known for centuries is coming to an end,” Wilmoth said.
Most of the 2.4 billion people to be added before the global population peaks will be born in sub-Saharan Africa, marking a shift away from China and India.
The coastal Nigerian city of Lagos, for example, is projected to become the world’s largest city by century’s end.
Rapid population growth combined with climate change is likely to cause mass migration and conflict in coming decades, experts said.
And having more people on the planet puts more pressure on nature, as people compete with wildlife for water, food and space.
But how much they consume is equally important, suggesting policymakers can make a big difference by mandating a shift in consumption patterns.
Humanity’s impact on the natural world “has more to do with how we behave than how many we are”, Wilmoth said.
SOURCE: NEWS AGENCIES